Total stock return for stock investors
Most investors usually have multiple options for investing their money. While the investors would like to maximize the return on their investment, they would also like to ensure that their investment is safe, they can get the principal amount invested back whenever they wish. For many investments like stocks or mutual funds the return on the investment consists of both the dividend which is declared by the company and the increase in the value of the stock. Hence the Total Stock Return, abbreviated as TSR is the relevant parameter for evaluating stock market investments.
Definition
The Total stock return or combined stock return includes the total return on the stock investment for the investor. Typically the company will declare a dividend for the stock annually, and the value of the stock could increase, though it may also decrease. For calculating the TSR the dividend which is declared will be reinvested in the stock. In some cases the company may also declare some bonus shares for the share holders of the company. The TSR is usually expressed as a percentage of initial investment, though in some cases the cash TSR is calculated.
Formula – How to calculate total return ?
The formula for total return ratio is:
TSR = ( (P1-P0)+ D )/ P0
where P1 is the value of the stock at the end of the period for which the TSR is being calculated,
P0 is the stock value at the time of purchase,
and D is the dividend declared if any.
The first part is only looking at the increase in the stock price, while the second part is the dividend which is declared. While most investors prefer to calculate the TSR percentages for the various stocks before finalizing their investment, some investors may wish to use the cash TSR which is defined as cash TSR = (P1-P0)+ D
There is also an alternative way of calculating the TSR combining the increasing in stock value and dividend yield
TSR = Capital gains yield + Dividend yield for the stock
Importance
One of the reasons why the TSR is important for an investor is because the performance of various stocks varies depending on the industry sector. For many of the high dividend yield stocks, the share prices will not increase significantly over a period of time, due to low growth potential. In other cases for high growth stock, no dividends may be declared, though the stock prices may increase faster. Hence the investor should look at the overall picture, consider both the dividends received and the increase in the stock prices for calculating the TSR.
Typically the investor should check the TSR of the company over a period of several years, to find out trends and also compare the TSR with other companies in the same sector. He can also compare the TSR with the benchmark indices for the related sector. This information will help the investor plan his finances and know what kind of returns he can expect from the stock if he chooses to invest in it. There may some brokerage and other charges for purchasing the stocks, and these are usually not considered for calculations.
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