What You will get from Free Forex Trading Software
To put it into a few words, free forex trade software can help improve your chances of being successful in forex exchange trading. There are many kinds of forex systems which offer one month trial and this can give you a chance to determine if you like the specific system and if it can indeed help you make profit.
There are different kinds of sites that offer different software programs for forex exchange. It is, however, important that you first test the software for accuracy. This can be done by trying it out first. Dry runs or software testing is important especially when you need to make a decision in buying one kind of software.
First of all, a free forex exchange trading software can determine the daily currency rates. This can help the traders analyze data and also predict market behaviors. There are also different kinds of graphs used which can show you graphically the movement of currencies specifically the rising and falling of such currency values.
When looking into a free forex software, it is also important to test the program’s security layers. This is important especially when you do not want hackers to get their hands on the important data you will be inputting and you will be using. That is why your personal data as well as the trader’s data should be protected.
A good trading software should also allow you to look at entire forex market conditions all at once. This can help you increase sales volumes but take note the market can actually be sometimes difficult to determine and understand. That is why, as much as possible, getting good forex trading software is essential especially if you are going to apply the data you can get from it to make profit. You have to note that good profits are not impossible especially if the trader is able to interpret the data correctly.
Foreign exchange trading software is very popular and useful. The advantages of such programs can be useless if the features are not fully reviewed and if you cannot relate such features to what you really need. It is a good thing that there are different software programs available so you can easily choose which one to try out. Be sure to choose a software that offers accuracy while, at the same time, ease of use so that you can maximize it to your trading needs.
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How to Begin Online Forex Trading – 3 most basics steps
If you are one of those people who are interested in making money through foreign exchange trading, then you have come to the right place. If you are totally clueless about what forex trading is then this is not a place to start. It would be advisable that you first read about the foreign exchange trading basics and read this article once you already to begin trading or learn the actual trading actions. The good thing is that there are many other sources that can give you a good headstart for trading forex and making profit.
Here are some of the 3 most basics steps that you should follow before you actually trade foreign exchange live. Whether you are after foreign exchange currency trading as a hobby or as a source of living, then you can follow these steps to give you a good headstart.
Step 1. I would be honest to say that it is important that you buy a basic book of foreign exchange trading because a book can contain a lot of information about the whole forex trading picture. A good book will be able to explain to you what the forex market is and it can also help you get a clear idea on what you are diving into. A good foreign exchange book can also answer your basic questions especially in understanding technical terms like pips or base currency. Before you try to do any kind of trading, it is important that you read a good foreign exchange book from cover to cover. Of course, once you are done and once you are confident enough because you have gained sufficient information to know more, then you can move on to step 2.
Step 2. Even with very little technical skill, I would ask you to download and then install the Metatrader which is a free trading and free charting platform for foreign exchange. Once you download it, you will be led to a demo account after you have successfully installed the program. Of course, there are many sources where you can download the Metatrader. One place is the website interbankfx.com. Once you have downloaded the program, you can start playing around with it so you can have better idea of the capability it is offers. In most cases, you will not able to find a Metatrader book in your nearby bookstore but the good news is that you can find numerous online manuals on the web. Aside from online manuals, you can also make use of many user communities about Metatrader software. Just by Googling the Metatrader keyword, you can find different forums and communities that can help you understand more of the program and also get updated and experience base tips and advice.
Step 3. The next to do is to apply the things you have learned from the book. Focus on the technical analysis section so you can understand charts, trend lines and even indicators. It can also be smart to start placing small trades but do not focus on the risk you will be taking or on the possible profits. You are doing initial trades just so you can be familiar with it and to prepare yourself for actual real trading for profits.
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Technical Analysis definition – learn online forex trading
Basically technical analysis involves the forecasting of future price movements and this is done by examining market data of the past. In other words, technical analysis is used by most traders so that they can get the big picture when it comes to the price history of forex investments. Traders can glance at charts to determine if they are buying at a good price or if they are selling at the right time or if they are trying to enter a choppy market.
Technical analysis needs a few assumptions; these are the following: First, they assume that all market fundamentals can be reflected in the price data. This means that differing opinions, moods and other market fundamentals do not need to be studied. Second, they assume that history repeats itself in predictable and regular patterns. Of course, these patterns are generated by price movements which are also called signals. The goal of the analyst is to uncover market signals by studying past market signals. The third assumption is that prices move based on trends. Analysts believe that the fluctuations of price are not really random or unpredictable.
By understanding technical analysis, a forex trader can gain discipline and minimize the use of emotions when it comes to trading actions. It is true that fundamental impressions are hard to screen out but with the use of technical analysis, the trader can easily approach a trader plan objectively, dispassionately and more comprehensively.
It is also important that with technical analysis, price chart types are studied. Here are some quick information’s on these price chart types. Bar chart is the most common of charts which shows price action. Each bar, of course, represents a period of time that can go for one minute or several years. The candlestick chart, on the other hand, shows the high low as well as the opening enclosing prices for a specific period of time. This type of chart can provide greater visual for the trader. The point and figure charts resemble the bar type chart patterns while the mark changes in price direction are shown.
There are also different types of technical indicators. Trend indicators allow the up down and sideways trend to be easily seen. The strength indicators give a picture of intensity specifically on a certain market price taken by other market participants. Volatility involves the day to day fluctuations and their magnitude. Of course, the changes in volatility reflect changes in prices. The cycle indicators involve the repeating market patterns for return events. Support and resistance, on the other hand, describe the prices where the markets rise and fall repeatedly. Lastly indicators for momentum determine the weakness and strength of a specific trend over time.
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Top 10 Benefits of Using Automated Forex Trading Software
Nowadays, many of us are attracted to the prospect of making easy money. While there are a lot of scam deals, there are all those that are worth looking into especially since many profit-making methods have been proven to really work. One such example is the use of automated forex trading software and programs. If you are new to foreign exchange trading or if you are unsure how to start this kind of trading for profit, then one option to consider is to use automated software or what we call forex trading robots. If you are hesitant to try it out, then take a look at the following top 10 benefits of using forex trading robot.
1. You do not need to pay any commission. Many people have second thoughts about engaging in forex trading because they think that they have to spend too much money to start trading or even to start earning. With the use for a forex robot, you do not have to get hold of brokers nor do you need to pay them commissions. That way, you can start trading immediately without putting out commission money.
2. You do not need any middlemen. If you are not comfortable in commissioning a middleman or a forex broker, then the use of a forex trading robot eliminates that need. You can deal directly with the foreign exchange market using an electronic exchange way.
3. You can operate with a small transaction cost only. The good thing about using a forex robot is that you can make profit even with small transaction investment cost. This cost can be related to the buying and selling price of transactions but once you get the hang of trading, you can make instant profits.
4. You can have better liquidity. This is something many traders are after because the transactions can immediately executed by the robot and you can easily see the goings on 24/7.
5. You can use higher leverage. This is done so you can make a substantial profit even without sacrificing huge loses at the start.
6. The forex market is in operation 24/5. The foreign exchange market is open 24 hours a day. While it is true that some regions are closed during some days, there are many others which are open doing business. With the use of a forex robot, you can continue trading anytime and even while sleeping.
7. It is easily accessible online. One of the best things in using a foreign exchange robot is that you can do everything using your computer and your internet. You do not need go somewhere because you can access everything from actual trading to getting your earnings through the web.
8. You can get profit from the bull and bear markets. This simply means that you can make money when a specific currency goes up and another goes down.
9. Automated forex trading is user friendly. The forex robots of today are very easy to install, use and access. You do not need special trainings just to use it or to start making money through it.
10. Do not need to supervise your forex robot. In other words, human interference is minimal. You just keep the information within it updated and you can rely on it to deliver its best performance without you watching or intervening all the time.
Tip : When you choose system try to measure – number of pips in the last 6 months, (DD – low DD ) low downdrawn ; 70-90% winning trades.
Try alpari.ru zulutrade or avafx.com ! – they have great forex automated systems (automated forex systems) and
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What is the Best Online Forex Trading System for You?
What’s the Best Trading System for You?
If you are interested in finding profitable forex systems so it can help you in making profit, then it is good news to say that there are many kinds of forex systems available in the market. One downside to this is that the wide variety of choices can be quite confusing for a new forex trader since it can be difficult to choose a single one out of the bunch. If you want to know about the best trading system for your forex activity, then here are some methods that can help you pinpoint a single system.
First, it is important that you read about the different forex systems by reading forex system reviews. A review will basically tell you what a specific system is about, thus, allowing you to discover its features and its capability in helping you make an informed decision so you can make profit with the forex system. Keep in mind, though, that not all kinds of reviews are objectively made so go for those which provide comprehensive views that do not sound like a sale pitch.
Another point to remember is to get professional help. If you want assistance in choosing the best for forex trading system, you should not get help from simply anyone but from a trader that has been in the forex trading business for long. If you know such person from your group of friends or family, then ask that person what kind of system he can recommend based on experience and based on his knowledge. If you do not personally know such people, then you can consult with trading experts.
It would also be wise for you to visit different websites for the different forex systems. These websites provide you much information so you can do your research. You will be provided technical data and information that allows you to compare the different systems available in the market. Therefore, you need practice diligence as well as patience so you can find a system that carry specific features that you have much use for.
When choosing a profitable forex system, you do not really need a complicated one especially if you are new to forex trading. The logic behind it is that you should only choose a system that can help you make informed decisions as when to buy and sell currencies so that, in the end, you can get the needed and much awaited profit.
Tip : When you choose system try to measure – number of pips in the last 6 months, DD – low DD – low downdrawn ; winning %.
Try zulutrade or avafx.com ! – they have great forex systems.
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Globalization, trade relations with NAFTA and Colombia's international agenda
Introduction
This work, expected to briefly analyze the behavior of relations between the U.S. and Colombia, with emphasis on trade relations, without forgetting the implications of the bilateral agenda and the reality that presents a world that is in a stage of globalization.
As a strategic hint at the future of Colombia, shows the case of Mexico in globalization, and the case of productivity in Latin America.
In addition, NAFTA will be discussed, as a driver and an example of regional integration, it will touch the issue of tariff preferences, and suggest alternatives of both the United States economy, as with Mexico and Canada as a bloc.
The new economic realities necessitate integration policies in developing countries, no one can be alone and Colombia has shown no recent progress in this regard. Therefore we must look to other markets, other cultures and other realities to face the challenges of new realities and to better reach the new millennium.
1. COLOMBIA INTERNATIONAL AGENDA
International relations are undergoing a transition state and even turbulence, which require an intelligent adaptation of a good and timely information in order to develop a foreign policy of clear and specific-purpose interpretations.
Are witnessing the creation of a new order, where the internationalization process is stressed every day, making there is no activity in which one or the other way does not sit outside influence. Never more so than today, the challenges of autonomy and developing countries had been so linked to international variables. Furthermore, if in previous years there was some doubt about the relationship between domestic politics of a country and its foreign policy today is a fact beyond dispute. The case of Colombia is palpable. Separating the two areas leads to large errors that are detrimental to the security and national interest and certainly in the diagnosis and formulation of a proper foreign policy.
The priority themes on foreign policy are not only the topics around which turns the global agenda, while we have issues at the bilateral level should also deserve our full attention and receive a systematic management.
There can be no doubt that in the years ahead will continue to emphasize three major issues, which continue to focus on action by the international community: respect for human rights, the problem of illicit drugs and related products, and Environmental protection. For each one of them there, and will remain, a strong pressure of the main actors in international life for all companies comply with their commitments, freely accepted conventions and treaties.
The domestic behavior concerning such matters, is linked to the need to run a foreign policy which reflects national efforts in these fields. The bad image of Colombia called on the outside is not the cause of our national ills, but the result of an inner reality that has deviated considerably from the direction that we envision for the country.
As mentioned above, stand out within the themes that are part of the global agenda and that, therefore, Colombia should provide the most care, related to the phenomenon of illicit drugs, human rights and the environment, priority. But not enough, alone, with dealing with these issues at international level. It is indispensable to its proper internal management, where he lives a climate of violence that affects not only all citizens and its environment, but, of course, has effects beyond our borders and, therefore, the tools offered by cooperation between States should be exercised properly.
2. TOPICS OF THE INTERNATIONAL AGENDA COLOMBIA
2.1. Human Rights.
On the Colombian position against the Protection of Human Rights, it is important that the country definitively abandon the erroneous idea that the state is not someone who is forced explicitly and directly to their respect and promotion. [1] The Charter Policy and international commitments, both those held under the auspices of the United Nations and the Inter-American system, such as the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols, requiring States to be faithful to its spirit and letter, by enforcing within the territory their jurisdiction.
The violations of these rights by citizens, constitute criminal conduct that should be tried and punished by the state without grounds that these behaviors exempt public authority of its obligations. We can not continue to insist that it is unfair that the international community to censure the Colombian government and ignore the violations committed by citizens and foreigners in its territory. It is the state obligated to honor their commitments, not only for their own actions and omissions, but also by the criminal conduct of citizens and when it is not tried and duly punished. That the social disorder and the permanent state of internal conflict hinder strict compliance with the commitments of the authority delegated public is undeniable, but this, in any event affect the obligation of the State in this delicate matter, which will continue to appear in first line of national problems.
International interest in the issue of human rights no longer lies solely with governments and intergovernmental bodies. It is increasingly strong influence of non-governmental organizations, national and international, involved in monitoring the conduct of countries regarding the protection of the rights of citizens. It is urgent that the acceptance of contemporary reality, which should lead to proactive management of relationships with these organizations. In general, they fulfill a necessary function of control to the States, identifying obstacles to the adequate protection of human rights both in law and in practice.
Beyond the criticism of Colombia for the events that threaten the integrity of persons, including the acquiescence of the authorities with irregular procedures of repression, censorship international opinion rightly laws as contrary to international commitments the country as the principle of respect due to the superior orders defense to liability as a cause and the excesses of military justice.
In the field of Human Rights, the Colombian State is subject to increasing international scrutiny and, in particular by the United States. This fact is supported by major changes in the international conception about the state undertakings in this field and a change in the concept of national security.
The frequent official sophistry, minimizing problems and naive and sometimes clumsy responses to the international documents censor us, convince officials in other states or international organizations, which Colombia does not have an institutional attitude on the subject would and only seeks to gain time and avoid negative statements, without solving the problems of the country.
Moreover, the lack of unity and continuity in state politics, seriously hampers the work. Actions to improve the protection of human rights in the country, are locked in the same public institutions, and lack of unity makes it impossible to plan a coherent international action. Just weak and disjointed that the work of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in this field.
It is therefore necessary that the Human Rights policy gravitate in a serious effort, backed by real commitment by the President of the Republic, the Colombian State to effectively combat the violation and seek the necessary institutional reforms. It is essential that this policy is made based on a high-level definition to generate a common strategy. It might be thought to create for this purpose a National Human Rights Commission consisting of the ministries of Interior, Defense, Justice and Law and Foreign Affairs and the Presidential Council for Human Rights and Peace, to present a methodological proposal on strategies to continue the government in this area and report regularly on results achieved.
It is also important, of course, strengthen the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to form a Permanent H
uman Rights Unit with dedicated staff, not subject to rotation in other positions, in order to develop the knowledge and skill necessary to meet international commitments required to submit periodic reports, answering the requirements of the different political and legal bodies of the international system and addressing the processes being conducted against Colombia. It is also necessary to strengthen other institutions in this field in order to support this responsibility from the institutions of foreign policy. These officials must have access to all documents that are not under judicial restraint in the Colombian state.
2.2. Drug Trafficking.
The policy response to the growing significance of psychoactive drugs has to continue under the sign of international cooperation, as a global problem it is. No outdated nationalism and false statements about an alleged national sovereignty, which features in the late twentieth century have nothing to do with the principles of international conduct encouraged in the last century. The country has to guide their actions, at their discretion, for obvious reasons of universality. The mid-term target should be the implementation of international legislation, to facilitate, by all means, the activities of the community of nations against the criminal activities of illicit drug trafficking and related, as the diversion of chemical precursors, money laundering, smuggling of arms and explosives.
On the other hand, the strategy to combat the drug problem that arises in a comprehensive actions has oversized interdiction response to the problem. Thus socio-economic intervention strategies and public health address the problem of production and consumption are assigned a second-order priority within the national context and the management of Colombia’s foreign policy on the issue.
A Colombia circumstances that he has had problems handling this issue off the international community, we must add the fragility of its ability to generate accurate information that is not subject to questioning by the international community. It is suggested that Colombia develop the means to produce and analyze information on the scale of the problem within the country and the results of their actions on drugs.
In addition, the increasingly active participation of the legislative chambers on the problems of drugs, not always bright or motivated by reasons of public interest, have added a new factor of confusion in the handling of the case. Should be organized more efficiently the various aspects of the fight against drug trafficking, through a rationalization of the institutional tools and human and financial resources to prevent further disorder that has characterized the official action in this field.
2.3. Environment.
The challenge of environmental protection, requires also an international perspective. What is certain is that the imperatives of development in less industrialized countries have to be reconciled with domestic and international interest in preserving natural resources and biodiversity. However, the progress made in recent years to define the scope of policies that ensure sustainable development, namely, the one that strikes a balance between development needs and protection of nature, the truth is that there is still the lack of consensus on the practical implications of this conceptual approach.
The starting point of the dispute between advocates of the Environment and who put the needs of development to environmental considerations, emerged during the Stockholm Conference of 1972. Subsequent econometric analysis have shown the correlation between increased per capita income and quantitative indicators on improving environmental quality. Twenty years later, in the Rio Conference of 1992, the industrialized countries, particularly the United States, vehemently defended the thesis in favor of development policies, not called neoliberalism, as they relate to their own interests. They claim that environmental problems in the physical sense – biotic, can only be solved with the opening of economies, increasing competition and thereby increasing productivity, gross domestic product growth and as a result of all this , the reduction of poverty. This model, apparently simple but full of assumptions difficult to perform, has had serious consequences for the management of environmental protection in all countries, rich and poor, due to the consequent postponement of the attention to environmental investments, which must wait where an adequate level of income per capita or having resolved the problems that affect the stability and the pace of economic growth.
For Colombia, there are at present two challenges: first, is to seriously evaluate the consequences for the country’s development arising from the multitude of commitments that have been gaining in international forums, often unwittingly their implications. The second, on the need for institutional strength to the management of environmental policy, currently scattered in various agencies without the necessary financial and human resources. Under this administrative aspect, it is necessary to redefine the functions of Regional Corporations face of the purview of the Ministry of Environment, and clearly define the environmental obligations of local and regional authorities.
Obviously, there must be also a close coordination between the Ministry of Environment and the Colombian Foreign Ministry, responsible for setting international policies in all fields.
3. INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN POLICY
Several factors have driven through most of our republican history the dejection state of our international relations. Colombian society, not homogeneous, divided into multiple geographic and cultural isolation from the rest of the world, has never given much importance to the international dimension of their problems and concerns. As a result of public indifference, governments, with few exceptions, foreign policy has been relegated to the bottom of its agenda, as proven by the financial abandonment and human resources who have always lived in the agencies responsible for the conduct of international politics. It is not therefore surprising that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has traditionally been the Cinderella of public administration.
For a proper and consistent development of the themes of the International Agenda Colombian increasingly evident the urgent need for a strong Chancellor, modern and highly professional, which also has solid and permanent channel of dialogue at different levels of public administration.
Given the complexity world, who have the responsibility to design and carry out the policies of the country should become increasingly specialized. It also requires strong political will to avert the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the vices of bureaucracy and politicking that have traditionally been.
Also following a traditional course of our politics, we are constantly changing laws and organizational regulations of the Ministry of foreign service and diplomatic career, as if the chronic deficiencies were the result of wrong or inappropriate standards. There has been no government in the last decades has decided to immortalize with reforms, as was natural to expect, have never served to improve the delivery of the diplomatic service or to brighten our foreign policy.
The last Foreign Service Organic Act of the diplomatic and consular dates from January 3, 1992. In the same year, by Decree No. 2126 of 29 December, the Ministry was restructured and identified the functions of their units, creating among other things, the Directorate General of the Diplomatic Academy of San Carlos, assigned to the office of Minister.
In the past, what is now called the Diplomatic Academy was named after the Colombian Institute of International Studies and its activities were limited to the selection of applicants to join the diplomatic service and the preparation of promotion courses for officials of the Ministry it w
as not yet established the requirement for such officials to perform a prior course of a year. Today, the Academy has such a course aimed at preparing people to enter into the diplomatic or consular and into the ministry, to conclude.
In May of this year, called the last contest in which 35 candidates were selected, which formed the group for the annual course and entered the plant after internal ministry as third secretaries. You can not hide, however, that the real diplomatic service in the country is still inefficient and has so far given the expected results. Despite the efforts that have been made at times to compensate for many years overdue, is still prevalent the inveterate habit of patronage, which still carries a significant advantage over the true professionalism.
As clearly demonstrate numerous examples of countries that have managed to organize its diplomatic activity, the key requirement is the quality of staff and continuity of effort, not a body of legislation that always comes in Colombia. The preparation of those who have to devote to the diplomatic life and the selection criteria is the irreplaceable basis for effective international action. In both respects we have been erratic, and sluggish. Attempts have been made in perfecting the diplomatic corps have been timid and without political support and, usually, before applying the rules with determination and firmness, new changes are proposed to remedy what can not be remedied on the basis of provisions legislation. A good example is the project you are currently enrolled in the Chambers to amend, for the umpteenth time, the diplomatic corps, before the current rules have been implemented fully. In Colombia, as has been said ad nauseam, there are laws for everything. What is missing is the ability to govern our lives according to those laws.
The same obsession with ongoing regulatory changes, took us thirty years ago to radically alter the composition of the Advisory Committee on Foreign Affairs, which since its inception at the beginning of the century had been providing valuable services to the country. The original idea had a successful practice development, which left a pool of capital importance in research and studies on the most diverse aspects of international life in the country. Composed of independent experts, was actually a government advisory group, always taken into account in making decisions in difficult times and for the general orientation of foreign policy. Since he ceased to be what it was for so many years, the Commission, composed now, after several reforms, with a highly political approach, with presidents, parliamentarians and political representatives of the government with their alternates, has not produced a single study that deserves the name of such. Sporadically called for ex-post facto informed decisions and positions already taken, its contribution has grown from a collection of reviews of its members on current issues that affect the orientation of the Colombian foreign policy.
However the error made in 1991, without justification, by raising to the Advisory Commission on constitutional body, its composition is determined by law. Since the Constitution says nothing about the functions, they are also setting legislative matters. Here is an example of a current law, 68, 1993, a radical reform that deserves to return to the Advisory Commission features that should never have lost.
Paradoxically, the meetings of the Advisory Body are called “ordinary and informative,” which means, almost certainly, that the Advisory Commission, which does not escape from the intricacies of politics, is just currently a body of political support for decisions already taken by the Executive.
In short, it would seem an exaggeration to conclude that Colombia, strictly speaking, has lacked an institutional structure that allows you to exercise its foreign policy. Implicit in this are structural and political problems that it is urgent to fix. The country must, among other things, have long-term institutional plans that provide the support necessary to create the conditions for carrying out a foreign policy seriously. While there are a number of institutional settings, it is also necessary that the Public Administration staff can retain that has invested time and resources.
4. TRADE AND INTEGRATION
Trade liberalization and economic openness have imposed radical changes in the foreign policy of all countries. Colombia will have to continue making great efforts to adjust its foreign policy to these new economic realities. Trade liberalization has been linked to another new phenomenon, which contradicts to some extent: the formation of large regional blocs, in one way or another, are protected from extra-regional competition, despite its apparent universal. These three regional blocs, formed by the United States, Mexico and Canada, the European Union and Asian countries so far led by Japan, but very close with the possibility of being dominated by China, are the axes around which tour almost all international trade.
In Latin America, besides the view, still far from complete integration, there is still uncertainty about the possibility of an extension of free trade in North America, which covers the rest of the hemisphere opposite to absorption by the Mercosur regional economies of some successful integration gradually between Mercosur and the Andean Pact.
The responsibility of Colombia has had in the creation and development of the Andean Group twisting forces the country to adopt a consistent policy on the future of their trade relations with its neighbors. You can not hide the fact that the current Andean Community has revolved almost exclusively around the trade between Colombia and Venezuela, countries that have maintained their momentum and, undoubtedly, are the biggest beneficiaries of this experience of integration.
Colombia has to bear an internal policy on sectoral development, whereby those sectors important to boost economic growth and employment generation. This, in turn, is linked with the need to strengthen productive infrastructure in line with the country’s economic needs, to be in a position to comply with obligations in terms of integration and free trade obligations, which generate some benefits, To date, our economy has been unable to take advantage.
This country was referred to the urgent need to prioritize its foreign policy both commercial and political relations, as it is not possible to continue spreading so much effort into wanting to do everything at once, leading to a huge confusion of the international agenda in Colombia. We have not heard, until now, these efforts must concentrate on strengthening bilateral relations with Venezuela, the preferential attention to the Andean Community, the prospect of continental integration in the approach to the European Union in the still Gas reality of the Pacific Rim, or the always complex relations with the United States. While no clear definition of our priority concerns, you can not seriously address the challenges of trade integration.
Are not enough, the definition of priorities and a minimum of continuity in action on trade policy with foreign countries. It requires a coherent and effective institutional management for success. The speed with which imposed trade liberalization, combined with the traditional administrative confusion in the country, has led to the proliferation of private and government spokesmen, with the obvious consequence that no official agency feels responsible, ultimately, policy commercial. It has never been able to concentrate in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs coordinated the various aspects of foreign policy, including trade policy, and even the creation of appropriate Ministry of Foreign Trade has served to clarify responsibilities and establish a national policy respect, different from the divergent policies of different ministries.
5. RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES
No doubt that bilateral relations between Colombia and the U.S. have deteriorat
ed, even greater than experienced in 1903 with the separation of Panama, the loss of the canal and the waterway, so significant for the country’s integration at the global level. Today, ad portas XXI century, tensions on the occasion of the problem of illicit drugs and organized crime, seriously affect bilateral relations and engage in a very negative real incorporation of Colombia in the new world that has emerged as a result of end of the Cold War and the advanced process of globalization.
The issue of relations with the United States can no longer be treated with immature emotionalism that has characterized the official reactions in recent years. We must accept the fact that these relations have always been and will remain, with certain types of circumstances, asymmetrical relations, which must be handled with full awareness of this essential feature. Without ever leaving the concept of national dignity, which can not be limited to burning flags and use of offensive epithets, we must develop a professional and serious diplomacy, based on collaboration and the need to find space for the defense of national interests . The merits of an efficient diplomacy is not manifest in relations with countries weak and of little influence, but strong nations and capable of determining the course of world events.
With regard to relations with the United States, in addition to this factor of inequality, there is a huge additional difficulty of the dispersion of the decision centers on the international front that characterizes the American political system. This phenomenon has led, unconsciously, to act with a similar spread in contacts with various social, political and economic of the country’s north, which do not contribute to generating a mutual respect and trust.
As the weakness of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has been a constant in our political life, has never been a lead agency and coordinator of our foreign policy, let alone the United States, against which all national characters and all groups social feel entitled to say, with the inevitable disruption that this causes.
Our future relations with that country require reliability, research, professionalism and continuity. The constant change of diplomatic envoys, the ease with which our authorities are saying about these relationships and situational motivation and small domestic politics that determine, in general, our attitude with the United States, are vices that need to change in the future.
However, the geopolitical situation of our country follows, logically, that the commercial and political relationship with the United States is very important. The United States will remain our best buyer and best seller and, therefore, we must continue developing economic arrangements that provide stability to the business relationship. Use should be studying and working to link Colombia to NAFTA, for, later, reach a certain independence to the integration of the Americas, FTAA.
But more importantly for the future of our relations with other States is to build a relationship of trust and institutional policy to allow the challenges of a complex relationship more daring and less defensive. In order to build a trusting relationship, Colombia, as a State, shall promote the study of the functioning of American foreign policy and to understand in a more comprehensive and accurate guide that the possibilities of bilateral relationship.
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Globalization and its effects
Introduction
In the last decades of the twentieth century witnessed a series of socio-economic change and cultural complexity whose vertiginous and not supported by precedent and our country is not foreign to it. Caen quickly all kinds of walls and barriers between nations at the same time it widens the gap in the level of human development by entering the various peoples.
The world is flooded with forms of production and consumption, an overwhelming concern about the deterioration of natural resources, progress on poverty, however, refers to a new phenomenon that has grown into a paradigm for developing countries.
Globalization encompasses a process of increasing internationalization of financial capital, industrial and commercial new international political relations and the emergence of new production processes and consumption distributive geographically relocated, expanded and intensive use of technology unprecedented.
Is why we try to work in the course of translating an integral conclusion of a particular issue for which we must rely on research, analysis and conjectures of their own, trying to maintain a vision of reality as a whole. In other words we seek to overcome the isolation of different disciplines that address this topic to achieve a mutual influence and arriving at a joint response. Arriving in this way to effective communication between our different specialties.
On the main theme of identity, we will try to develop in the paper the following hypothesis group.
The cultural identity of the various peoples now be homogenized or generalized according to certain common standards up to a standardized culture. This process is facilitated by the generative powers of new consumer needs, which in turn handle the media and the production offered.
Given the new socio-cultural scene that is presented before our eyes in this century, within which developers parade change certain processes, such as a growing “… weight loss of local public institutions and national benefit of transnational conglomerates reach … “” … the reformulation of the settlement patterns and urban living … “” … the reprocessing of the same, due to the predominance of goods and messages from a globalized economy and culture on generated in the city and the nation to which it belongs, “the consequent redefinition of the sense of belonging and identity …” peoples and “the passage of the citizen as a public representative of the citizen as a consumer interested in enjoying a certain quality of life “, be questioned about the negative impact they cause on cultural realities of peoples, including their identities, accepting as a fact of life the march towards the global village as an example of constitution of the world towards the homogenization of the planet in the political, economic and social.
To give a more detailed view of the above, and achieve the proper range to the terms used in the hypothesis, we draw on some basic definitions to explain what we mean by them.
The identity of a people is given by “what a subject is represented when we recognize or acknowledge to another person as a member of that town. This is an inter-representation, shared by a majority of the members of a people, that would constitute a collective self. “
The homogenization is a process whereby two or more elements are configured according to common guidelines, to acquire the same nature or kind.
Adhering to the definition given by the Magisterium of the Church through the Document of Puebla, “with the word” culture “indicates the particular way in a village, men cultivate their relationship with nature, among themselves and with God . It is the common way of life that characterizes the various peoples, so we talk about multiculturalism. That is, the set of values that animate and disvalues which weaken and to even be shared in common by its members, meets on the basis of a single collective consciousness. “
In general, the standard concept derived from that in ordinary language particularly in the production of goods: one item, a piece that is sufficiently widespread, generalized, common as to become typical and universal.
The power groups, in our opinion, are a social unit consisting of a number of individuals who have a status and mutual relations stable, and have a set of values or rules governing their conduct. These are relationships, real or elements (political, economic, social, etc.) Sufficient to carry out their achievements and influence over other groups and society by all possible means using a resource management business. They create new consumer needs, “they are an irresistible impulse to act requires in a certain way inevitably causes.”
On this basis we will try to develop the theme of identity, focused from the point of view we have given on the assumption group, with the aim to give a specific scenario about it.
This work will be approached from different angles, such as cultural, sociological, economic and political, thereby attempting to perform the interdisciplinary raised earlier.
Based on the foregoing, we propose the following hypothesis individual:
The media and the process of globalization influence the consumption of individuals and through this, in the collective identity of a people, whether creating in new needs, either by making them dependent on objects of consumption and gender, Thus, the habit of consumption. Within this context, however, do not fade or diminish the ability of individuals to choose between the alternatives offered by the big market for those that best meets your needs.
Through this paper aims, first to characterize the type of culture is being forged at the end of the millennium and how it affects us not only as individuals in society, but also as consumers.
With the passage of time consumption habits are changing, as well as, how to put the product in contact with people is different to that which existed a couple of years ago. Technological advances in production and distribution of goods and services, make it possible nowadays to get the same product in Argentina than in Japan.
These changes not only affected the economy of a country but also in the customs and traditions of the same, hence in the first chapter will address the problems of identity, what happens when you lose it or it is subject, and this will be related to that is globalization, which has effect in our lives, the benefits it brings, as well as the damage it causes, especially in underdeveloped countries that lack the resources necessary and appropriate to address these changes that are taking place worldwide.
In a second chapter will determine the impact of media in society, how they influence the identity of a people and in consumer habits. People want to be “up”, wants to possess the “ultimate”, with the paradoxical result, moreover, that when you purchased the “ultimate”, the “new” and has proceeded to mercado.Vivimos short programs embedded in in the ever-changing standards and the encouragement to live the moment: This has emerged as the main axis of social temporality.
And finally touch the specific topic of consumption. As individuals act against a call option, that is your attitude when they have to choose how to meet your needs, and related to this issue as an influence consumption in the individual’s identity. We can also say that the changes in consumption change the identity of society, new customs, new habits move old producing a constantly renewed and changing tastes.
I. A socio-cultural reality of the millennium
I.1 The identity and postmodernism.
We mean by cultural identity.
Give a correct answer to this question, means undertaking an arduous process, the issue of identity is rich and complex.
“Individuals are involved in a social reality, personal development can not be dissociated from the exchange with her, her personality is forged in their participation, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors of the groups to
which it belongs. That collective reality is a way to feel, understand and act in the world and shared lifestyles, which are expressed in institutions, behaviors covered in short what we mean by culture. The problem of identity of people refer to their culture. “
For anthropologists, culture is, first, an integrated whole, a totality that are organically articulated different dimensions of social life that enable the identification, communication and interaction between individuals.
Santillan Guemes, in his book “Cultures, creation of the people”, defines culture as the cultivation of a holistic way of life, ie, appears as the medium created by mankind to engage in dialogue with the universe.
The new international phenomenon: globalization planet, has opposite effects, such as cultural homogenization and fragmentation, these effects have collapsed traditional identities. Through mechanisms: deterritorialization and deshistorialización.
“We must understand that the process of globalization, deterritorialization encourage moves out of national borders, accelerating mobility conditions and” extrication “. The process of globalization of culture engenders, hence new identity reference.
Globalization impacts the process of identifying people because she stands in front of other individuals who act as role models to resemble or differ. That is, “… the new sensitivities and lifestyle, the crisis of the senses, values and beliefs instituted, the growing proprietary, neonarcisismo and hedonism, finally, the cultural transformations of contemporary society, raise crucial questions of political action which affect both its ethical dimension and institutional, including the need to rebuild the collective identities. “
The identity is not given in advance: they are constructed, are learned, evolve. It is not something that comes once and forever.
At first glance, a group is manifested by the simple fact that its members have in common a set of symbols, territory, history, etc. However, up close, the notion of identity becomes more problematic, in fact, connotes an essence of identity, which implies invariance, homogeneity, permanence. Now, everyone knows that identities change, arise and disappear. Therefore, when any change in the identity of a people, it is in crisis until they become to accommodate the new structures, that is, until individuals accept and adopt as their own the new changes.
“On the identity of a people can understand what a subject is represented when we recognize or acknowledge to another person as a member of that town. This is an inter-representation, shared by a majority of the members of a people, that would constitute a collective self. “
The identities are different and unequal, because its creators, the bodies that build, benefit from different positions of power and legitimacy. Specifically, the identities are in a field of struggle and conflict in the prevailing power lines designed by the logic of the machine of society.
The problem of identity has been perhaps the central problem of our culture. Identity is regarded as the most important facet of certain struggles both peaceful and violent. It has been present at the phenomenon of modernity and postmodernity is before.
The currency is mainly characterized by criticism, rationality and utopia, is formed a “human project” as a way of seeing reality and acting within it. At their utility in modern objects you add that sense the same transition in the postmodern. Never before have ruled out things so quickly because of the precariousness of life. As soon as some objects are discarded and replaced by faster new things, the greater the dependence on them. Things become “commodities.” It did not believe in values, virtues and institutions like the family, workplace, and enhances the charm, friendliness, spontaneity. Along with its broad appeal, its speed, its animation and the incessant movement of people, lives decay and loneliness. As Maria Cristina Reigadas says in his book “Between the norm and the way political culture today,” the reversal and multiplication of different worlds, casual, contingent, fragmented, we face the difficulty of placing and developing the presence and positioning of another under normal modes and those associated with modernity. And, therefore, to develop and maintain, from the encounter with others, our own identity.
When the pace of change accelerates, it is very difficult to establish identity positions. The melt formed identities: the crisis of alterity is identity crisis, said Maria Cristina Reigadas.
The world economic order requires standardizing patterns of consumption, and this is not achieved only through aggressive economic policies or through advertising commercials focused on constantly renewed supply of products. What spreads is primarily a cultural model that generates oriented attitude and motivation to adopt new styles and ways of life, past and regardless of the specific forms that both assume, what is broadcast is a sort of ” a priori “constant and changing consumption, which installs the citizen at the eminent role of the consumer. Thus, the desire for community and participation embodied in interpretive communities of consumers who shared identities are given.
“We’re moving away from the time when identities are defined by essences ahistorical: it is now configured on consumption rather depends on what one has or is able to reach appropriate. The constant changes in production technologies in the design of objects, communication, unstable identities become fixed in inventories of goods exclusive to one ethnic or national community. “
That is, the global economy is defining an identity more closely linked to the goods to which access to the place where born.
The search for collective identity.
As Villoro Luis says in his book “State plural and plurality of cultures, peoples who are subject to a relationship of colonization, marginalization agency or other countries, ruling makes them search for his identity.
The search for identity is not necessarily linked to situations of colonization or dependence. Also other situations of social disintegration can lead to a feeling of identity crisis.
In the new process, the perceived fragility of the collective and personal identity, it is being threatened by the processes of internalization, by the deployment of a homogenized culture that is imposed through the media and are looking for, Therefore, a system of guarantees that the comforting, to give security. Not only exaggerated nationalism is a response to these processes, the regional economic protectionism, the defense of the same, the claim of ethnic identities, are examples of reactions to the globalization of lifestyles and cultural standardization the world. Are taking strong destructuring and restructuring, creating new social cleavages and true subcultures, which promote the disintegration of local cultures.
The search for a collective identity aspires to the imaginary construction of a figure drawn by ourselves, that we oppose the other’s eyes.
Recognizing our identity is to recognize our differences, “We Argentines, but also recognize others. Now, it happens that not only know the other cultures but also turn to them or certain elements of them.
The road to the identity takes different forms depending on the situation at hand. The preservation of one’s identity is an essential element of resistance to being absorbed by a dominant culture. It has to be in the form of an affirmation, sometimes excessive, the cultural tradition, language, customs.
The construction of cultural identity must be understood as a process of political struggle between social factions, always provisional and uncertain, that passes through the defense and construction of expressive and reflective spaces that allow for multiple aesthetic and social events. Subcultures and counterculture have been built disputing those spaces. It is the dynamics of its formation, generates its i
nternal links and acquires a social identity.
In the search for identity, as Villoro says, you can recognize some common features:
This is opposed to the image that we are a down to take another point of view, an image that we revalue compensatory. Revalued self-representation may follow two different routes: going to a recovered or follow another tradition more authentic way: accepting the situation experienced and integrated into a new project chosen.
This representation of himself can replace the disintegration of images that can be one people, by a unitary figure.
The representation of national or ethnic identity may not be shared by all, be related to a project of a particular group within society and serve their interests.
The pillars of identity are: to know their own history, recognize our values, practicing self-esteem and dignity.
I.2 Globalization: open borders.
Possibilities it offers.
Is a process that everyone recognizes as the most decisive of the nineties, but found very conflicting opinions. While not a new process has been taken up with greater emphasis on developing countries as a premise to achieve specific economic growth and eradicate poverty.
The origins of the phenomenon date back to the two decades following the Second World War, in which the industrialized countries of North America, Europe and Asia achieved GDP growth rates three times higher than in the preceding 130 years, which turn causes a global expansion of commercial transactions in these countries.
In order to regulate the growing trade relations, the countries in question generated an economic and political strategy to release all barriers to free trade, implemented by the Import Substitution Strategy. Proceeds from this are the GATT negotiations, the creation of the IMF and World Bank, the sub-regional free trade areas, etc.
This process was accelerated by the various crises which was immersed in the international environment in 1971 (dollar crisis), 1973 and 1979 (oil crisis) and 1982 (debt crisis), another element assisted the rapid advance of it was the emergence of an economic theory in line with the requirements of the phenomenon: Neoliberalism
Globalization is a multidimensional process, although there are reasons to believe that is primarily an economic process from changes made possible by science and technology.
The indissoluble link that is generated in the twentieth century between science and technology makes it possible to accelerate, broaden and strengthen the process of globalization, especially in its economic and cultural rights. “
The digitization of human communication has revolutionized the production, storage and access to information. If the industrial revolution multiplied the force of man, the evolution of information multiplies the capacity of the human brain. Today information has been democratized, and is available to anyone who owns a computer and a modem for Internet access.
In fact, one can know what is happening in remote corners of the universe. We can move in a few hours at the most remote and different places and cultures, and live with different lifestyles. We can see the Earth from outside and from far away with the plane and sent by satellite photos.
The new technologies are creating a world where values and the impact of economies on one side to another culture and human values are being shaped by electronic media. Never before have companies had been completely subordinated to the commercial market to determine their values and models.
Just as economic globalization tends to establish borderless markets, the information revolution makes possible the destruction of language barriers and mutual isolation, is no national borders for information. The TV has created a pervasive cultural force as ever before been seen, both in intensity and in scope.
Must see globalization as an autonomous process that impacts on cultures that passively receive its consequences? Although not recognize it, sometimes you think globalization is the new name of imperialism.
Parallel to globalization have been reinvigorated nationalist (ethno), have increased efforts to revitalize ethnic identities of its constitution or by other cultural sectors in the world, religious feelings have returned, in addition to fundamentalism various kinds.
These processes of resistance are usually in countries that depend more on economic, political and cultural, have themselves turned their potential ethnic, that is, have affirmed their own identity, distinct symbolic aspects of their culture that has been become the benchmark for identity.
In Argentina, for example, had returned to folk music boom, tango, and these are typical examples of how this is to reaffirm a cultural symbol to counter the continuing invasion of foreign music.
Globalization gives the man more likely to know the truth and to access the beauty Why, then, awakens so many warnings? Why resurface hard all these processes of resistance?
The man placed in the center of this process, feels he has lost the protection of the various bodies that formerly contained. The old segmentation between countries tends to be overcome by further segmentation within these, on the one hand the cultural groups that have the necessary knowledge to create wealth and communicate with the outside world, and on the other, the new poor, excluded from the banquets of the new opportunities because they lack the necessary skills to enter the labor market and communication.
“The so-called globalization processes result in the redistribution of privileges and offal, wealth and poverty, and dispossession resources, power and powerlessness, freedom and restriction. Territorial divisions and segregation imposed identity and promotes the globalization of markets and information, do not reflect the diversity of partners on an equal footing.
Just 22% of global wealth belongs to the so-called developing countries, covering 80% of the world population. “
The benefits of globalization are being unevenly distributed between regions, between countries and within them, which leads to severe fragmentation and polarization processes.
Globalization gives extremely wealthy countries new opportunities to make money faster. They have used technology to move large sums of money around the globe with great speed and increased efficiency speculate.
Globalization is a paradox, greatly benefits very few at a time that excludes or marginalizes two-thirds of the world population.
As García Canclini says in his book “Consumers and Citizens”, internationalization was an opening of the geographic boundaries of each society to incorporate material and symbolic goods of others. Globalization is a functional interaction of economic and cultural activities scattered, goods and services generated by a system with many centers, which care more about the speed over the world geographical positions from which it operates.
Globalization is always, “glocalization” (N. Garcia Canclini), which involves spatial changes that affect the ways and specific lifestyles of people, product scale changes and the acceleration of changes in especially those due to technological innovation and increasing levels of complexity of urban life. So I reconfigured the systems of perception and representation of time and space, which constitute the basic fabric of life worlds, the concrete history of individuals and social groups, their myths and rituals.
These changes are supported by an unprecedented acceleration in technological processes, both as regards the pace of innovation itself and in regard to the time lag between innovation and its incorporation into production. This process began in the ’70s and has become branded as the “third technological and industrial revolution.” Has settled in electronics, computing, robotics, new materials, genetics and biotechnology.
These are just some of the facets of a globalized world. Also pres
ent are the following economic effects:
The standardization of products and services: this means that they have little or no variation between countries or regions where they are distributed.
Reduction of tariff barriers: has introduced the so-called mass consumption products, allowing many countries to have access to them.
Economy of scale: it involves making the products more competitive with low-cost strategy.
The creation of large corporations and integration of businesses allows greater control of the market.
The increasing integration of national economies to global markets because of the latter depends on the growth and stability of those.
Setting up large areas of integrated trade.
Unit or Domination?
What for some is a process of integration, either by assimilation, enculturation, or syncretism and juxtaposition, for others it may mean the destructuring and disintegration of their identities, fragmentation and exclusion, identity mutation, transfiguration of the matrix original. The process of globalization, as is occurring in the reality does not generate a dynamic one but two complementary and opposite dynamic:
Globalization
The reaffirmation of identity (location).
There is an increasing transnationalization of capital market, the market for new technology and products market. This, coupled with a decentralization of production, has meant that the markets are increasingly globalized. But all this globalized market, a central element of it, the labor force remains outside this process. Just consider the growing obstacles that the European Union, United States, for example, put to immigrants who seek work.
The mass media, new technologies, software, rock music, Coca
Cola, jeans, shopping MacDonald or the hegemony of the English language, are examples of globalization, are a direct consequence of the accentuation of cultural imperialism and the imposition of the “American way of life”.
The globalization phenomenon is not expressed only in the economy and the trends mentioned, indeed contradictory, about the nation-state, but also in the sociocultural level. While McLuhan had already spoken in the sixties of a “Global Village”, advances in recent years have further promoted communication between different parts of the globe.
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Globalization in the Latin American environment
Globalization as superfluously raised by the media proves to be the new way of life that we humans confined, and which contains a wide range of factors that even though many are invisible to the careless eye average citizen, and consistently strong influence in the course of our everyday
Joaquín Estefanía, defines economic globalization as “the process by which national economies are increasingly integrated within the framework of the international economy, so that your progress will depend increasingly on international markets and less government policies” . On this conception and to the extent of the possibilities of space I intend to observe the phenomenon of globalization in his best-known practical front “Neoliberalism” on the economies of the periphery, more precisely on Latin American economies.
Luis Javier Garrido rightly points out that “The problem the state is in the center of discussions of neoliberal policies, as these have tended to convert the old national states, supported by the protection of social rights and policies welfare, subordinate states to international financial centers and functional power of the new policies that tend to reduce the human being in terms of economic interests of large corporations. “
Thus we find as the first years of post-war, the victorious powers (USA, UK, France, etc..) Seeking to impose to countries of the periphery of its policies of open markets, while what was needed to support these decided to develop their economies through models such as import substitution. Cases like this have been repeated countless times in the Latin American scene, as the proximity to the United States conditions us to be their constant presence in the continental forums and as is well known today more than ever the Yankee imperialist claims have been strengthened after the fall of their ideological opposition.
The situation of our economies is clearly disadvantageous from several points of view: first-and only as a reference, it is clear that the third wave has not arrived with sufficient cogency to our people, which puts us well below competitiveness of other economies.
On the other hand is impressive the way as fast as the lifestyle, customs, traditions and other cultural heritages are changed, eliminated, modified, and finally invaded by the global position, all thanks to the help of national elites who ultimately are the beneficiaries after the dismantling of the welfare state.
The “enduring truth” in which powerful countries trying to convince world public opinion is not one in which they, as champions of justice and defend freedom and democracy worldwide interests so that no oppressor steal the right civilized human beings to live in dignity.
The cruel reality is as it has become apparent that rather than be the planetary protectors are the exploiters and the usurpers of democracy, and no wonder the observation when we find that our welfare depends on their well-being and our security theirs, too, namely that the imposition is absolute when defending the security and national interests involved, theirs.
In recent years we have been able to attend the confirmation of capitalism as a world economic system, except in places where they have not been imposed, this phenomenon brings another phenomenon that is the seizure of power by transnational companies that are finally power behind the government, very wisely taken these as shields and then sacrificed as scapegoats against the estate.
The power of international economic bodies has gradually fallen into the hands of these new masters who are neither here nor there, but have their interests everywhere, these are the real germ of globalization that is rarely we are shown for those who succumb to our states and countries who are offered on a silver platter without any possibility of complaint unless the tracks in fact and in enabling Mexico to 90s.
To complete the picture as a conclusion, empirical observation has shown that cultural globalization has come to Latin America in a positive, but as a disguised tax that has been abandoning national identities, to the point of contempt, technology wave that needed to efficiently integrate new dimensions not accessible to most people, leading to low competitiveness compared to other blocks, and most unfortunate is that we no longer – proportionately – colonies of exploitation with the complicity of national elites.
Notes, Sources and Resources
Global Society. Education, markets and democracy. The Critique of Actually Existing Neoliberalism. Luis Garrido
Global Society. Education, markets and democracy. Democracy And Markets In The World Order Editorial Joaquin Mortiz Noam Chomsky Mexico 1996
The New Economy, Globalization, Joaquin Estefania
